Journal of The Academy of Clinical Microbiologists

Register      Login

SEARCH WITHIN CONTENT

FIND ARTICLE

Volume / Issue

Online First

Archive
Volume  26 (2024)
Volume  25 (2023)
Volume  24 (2022)
Volume  23 (2021)
Volume  22 (2020)
Volume  21 (2019)
Volume  20 (2018)
Volume  19 (2017)
Volume  18 (2016)
Volume  17 (2015)
Volume  16 (2014)
Volume  15 (2013)
Related articles

VOLUME 25 , ISSUE 1 ( January-June, 2023 ) > List of Articles

REVIEW ARTICLE

Options appraisal of various β-D-glucan assay systems for a diagnostic microbiology laboratory

Shazia Parveen, Sanjay Bhattacharya

Keywords : (1-3)-β-D-Glucan, biomarker, immunocompromised, invasive fungal infection, options appraisal

Citation Information : Parveen S, Bhattacharya S. Options appraisal of various β-D-glucan assay systems for a diagnostic microbiology laboratory. 2023; 25 (1):1-7.

DOI: 10.4103/jacm.jacm_28_22

License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Published Online: 01-06-2023

Copyright Statement:  Copyright © 2023; Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd.


Abstract

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become a substantial concern in immunocompromised cancer patients, diabetics, hematopoietic stem cell transplant and solid organ transplant recipients with significant morbidity and mortality, Amongst IFIs, Candida and Aspergillus continue to be the most frequently reported, along with Fusarium and Zygomycetes. The need for tissue samples and the time required for cultures and histological investigation has made diagnosing IFIs problematic in the past. The detection of IFIs non-invasively by measuring biological markers such as the galactomannan antigen and the fungal wall component (1-3)-β-D-Glucan (BDG) have emerged as excellent options. In view of multiple kits available for detection and quantification of the fungal wall component (1-3)-BDG, it becomes essential to perform the options appraisal to find out the best available test option for a microbiology laboratory. Our work focuses on comparing various (1-3)-BDG detection systems available in the market.

PDF Share
  1. Bongomin F, Gago S, Oladele RO, Denning DW. Global and multi-national prevalence of fungal diseases-estimate precision. J Fungi (Basel) 2017;3:57.
  2. Reportable Fungal Diseases by State. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/fungal-disease-reporting-table.html. [Last accessed on 2023 Apr 10].
  3. Morrell M, Fraser VJ, Kollef MH. Delaying the empiric treatment of Candida bloodstream infection until positive blood culture results are obtained: A potential risk factor for hospital mortality. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2005;49:3640-5.
  4. Li C, Wen TF, Mi K, Wang C, Yan LN, Li B. Analysis of infections in the first 3-month after living donor liver transplantation. World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:1975-80.
  5. Who Gets Fungal Infections? Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/infections/index.html. [Last accessed on 2023 Apr 10].
  6. Garg D, Muthu V, Sehgal IS, Ramachandran R, Kaur H, Bhalla A, et al. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) associated mucormycosis (CAM): Case report and systematic review of literature. Mycopathologia 2021;186:289-98.
  7. Afroze SN, Korlepara R, Rao GV, Madala J. Mucormycosis in a diabetic patient: A case report with an insight into its pathophysiology. Contemp Clin Dent 2017;8:662-6.
  8. Kwizera R, Musaazi J, Meya DB, Worodria W, Bwanga F, Kajumbula H, et al. Burden of fungal asthma in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2019;14:e0216568.
  9. Neofytos D, Fishman JA, Horn D, Anaissie E, Chang CH, Olyaei A, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infections in solid organ transplant recipients. Transpl Infect Dis 2010;12:220-9.
  10. Neofytos D, Horn D, Anaissie E, Steinbach W, Olyaei A, Fishman J, et al. Epidemiology and outcome of invasive fungal infection in adult hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients: Analysis of multicenter prospective antifungal therapy (PATH) alliance registry. Clin Infect Dis 2009;48:265-73.
  11. Muskett H, Shahin J, Eyres G, Harvey S, Rowan K, Harrison D. Risk factors for invasive fungal disease in critically ill adult patients: A systematic review. Crit Care 2011;15:R287.
  12. Brown GD, Denning DW, Gow NA, Levitz SM, Netea MG, White TC. Hidden killers: Human fungal infections. Sci Transl Med 2012;4:165rv13.
  13. Hashemi Fesharaki S, Aghili SR, Shokohi T, Boroumand MA. Catheter-related candidemia and identification of causative Candida species in patients with cardiovascular disorder. Curr Med Mycol 2018;4:7-13.
  14. Arnold HM, Micek ST, Shorr AF, Zilberberg MD, Labelle AJ, Kothari S, et al. Hospital resource utilization and costs of inappropriate treatment of Candidemia. Pharmacotherapy 2010;30:361-8.
  15. Nieto M, Robles JC, Causse M, Gutiérrez L, Cruz Perez M, Ferrer R, et al. Polymerase chain reaction versus blood culture to detect candida species in high-risk patients with suspected invasive candidiasis: The MICAFEM study. Infect Dis Ther 2019;8:429-44.
  16. Latgé JP. The cell wall: A carbohydrate armour for the fungal cell. Mol Microbiol 2007;66:279-90.
  17. Miyazaki T, Kohno S, Mitsutake K, Maesaki S, Tanaka K, Ishikawa N, et al. Plasma (1-->3)-beta-D-Glucan and fungal antigenemia in patients with candidemia, Aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis. J Clin Microbiol 1995;33:3115-8.
  18. Bowman SM, Free SJ. The structure and synthesis of the fungal cell wall. Bioessays 2006;28:799-808.
  19. Mennink-Kersten MA, Verweij PE. Non-culture-based diagnostics for opportunistic fungi. Infect Dis Clin North Am 2006;20:711-27, viii.
  20. Marty FM, Koo S. Role of (1–>3)-beta-D-glucan in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. Med Mycol 2009;47 Suppl 1:S233-40.
  21. Tsuchiya M, Oishi H, Takaoka A, Fusamoto M, Matsuura S. Discrimination between endotoxin and (1–3)-beta-D-glucan using turbidimetric kinetic assay with Limulus amebocyte lysate. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1990;38:2523-6.
  22. Wright WF, Overman SB, Ribes JA. (1–3)-β-D-glucan assay: A review of its laboratory and clinical application. Lab Med 2011;42:679-85.
  23. Available from: https://www.fungitell.com/. [Last accessed on 2023 Apr 10].
  24. Tran T, Beal SG. Application of the 1,3-β-D-Glucan (Fungitell) assay in the diagnosis of invasive fungal infections. Arch Pathol Lab Med 2016;140:181-5.
  25. White SK, Walker BS, Hanson KE, Schmidt RL. Diagnostic accuracy of β-d-Glucan (Fungitell) testing among patients with hematologic malignancies or solid organ tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Pathol 2019;151:275-85.
  26. Available from: https://criver.com.sg/products/lal-rapid-catridge-technology/item/115-endosafe-pts-glucan-assay. [Last accessed on 2023 Apr 10].
  27. Available from: https://elisa-kits.de/en/dynamiker-fungus-1-3- beta-d-glucan-assay.html. [Last accessed on 2023 Apr 10].
  28. White PL, Price JS, Posso RB, Barnes RA. An evaluation of the performance of the Dynamiker® fungus (1-3)-β-D-Glucan assay to assist in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, invasive candidiasis and pneumocystis pneumonia. Med Mycol 2017;55:843-50.
  29. Available from: https://www.aspergillus.org.uk/conference_abstracts/performance-of-dynamiker-1-3-beta-d-glucan-assay-compared-to-fungitell-for-the-diagnosis-of-invasive-fungal-diseases-from-serum-samples/. [Last accessed on 2023 Apr 10].
  30. Siopi M, Karakatsanis S, Roumpakis C, Korantanis K, Eldeik E, Sambatakou H, et al. Evaluation of the Dynamiker(®) fungus (1-3)-β-D-Glucan assay for the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis in high-risk patients with hematologic malignancies. Infect Dis Ther 2022;11:1161-75.
  31. Available from: https://www.wako-chemicals.de/en/beta-glucan-test-en. [Last accessed on 2023 Apr 10].
  32. White SK, Schmidt RL, Walker BS, Hanson KE. (1→3)-β-D-glucan testing for the detection of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised or critically ill people. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020;7:CD009833.
  33. De Carolis E, Marchionni F, Torelli R, Angela MG, Pagano L, Murri R, et al. Comparative performance evaluation of Wako β-glucan test and fungitell assay for the diagnosis of invasive fungal diseases. PLoS One 2020;15:e0236095.
  34. Hashimoto N, Mori T, Hashida R, Sakurai M, Koda Y, Toyama T, et al. False-positive serum (1, 3)-β-D-glucan elevation due to intake of seaweed in a hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipient. Transpl Infect Dis 2017;19:12653.
  35. Ito S, Ashizawa M, Sasaki R, Ikeda T, Toda Y, Mashima K, et al. False-positive elevation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan caused by continuous administration of penicillin G. J Infect Chemother 2018;24:812-4.
  36. Egger M, Prüller F, Raggam R, Divjak MK, Kurath-Koller S, Lackner H, et al. False positive serum levels of (1-3)-ß-D-Glucan after infusion of intravenous immunoglobulins and time to normalisation. J Infect 2018;76:206-10.
  37. Liss B, Cornely OA, Hoffmann D, Dimitriou V, Wisplinghoff H. 1,3-β-D-Glucan contamination of common antimicrobials. J Antimicrob Chemother 2016;71:913-5.
  38. Marty FM, Lowry CM, Lempitski SJ, Kubiak DW, Finkelman MA, Baden LR. Reactivity of (1–>3)-beta-d-glucan assay with commonly used intravenous antimicrobials. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006;50:3450-3.
  39. Nakashima A, Yamada K, Iwata O, Sugimoto R, Atsuji K, Ogawa T, et al. β-Glucan in foods and its physiological functions. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2018;64:8-17.
  40. Sulahian A, Porcher R, Bergeron A, Touratier S, Raffoux E, Menotti J, et al. Use and limits of (1-3)-β-d-Glucan assay (Fungitell), compared to galactomannan determination (Platelia Aspergillus), for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis. J Clin Microbiol 2014;52:2328-33.
  41. Girouard G, Lachance C, Pelletier R. Observations of (1→3)-ß-D-Glucan detection as a diagnostic tool in endemic mycosis caused by Histoplasma or Blastomyces. J Med Mycol 2007;56:1001-2.
  42. Odabasi Z, Paetznick VL, Rodriguez JR, Chen E, McGinnis MR, Ostrosky-Zeichner L. Differences in beta-glucan levels in culture supernatants of a variety of fungi. Med Mycol 2006;44:267-72.
  43. Donnelly JP, Chen SC, Kauffman CA, Steinbach WJ, Baddley JW, Verweij PE, et al. Revision and update of the consensus definitions of invasive fungal disease from the european organization for research and treatment of cancer and the mycoses study group education and research consortium. Clin Infect Dis 2020;71:1367-76.
PDF Share
PDF Share

© Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) LTD.