CONTEXT: Viral hepatitis has become the most common viral infections encountered in dialysis patients. Patients undergoing haemodialysis (HD) have a significantly increased risk of exposure to hepatitis B, hepatitis C, HIV and other blood-borne viruses. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections are the most important causes of morbidity and mortality among HD patients. Patients on routine maintenance HD fail to maintain protective titres against HBV that further poses the risk of developing viral hepatitis. In this study, we are studying the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection among patients undergoing maintenance HD. SETTING AND DESIGN: This was a cross-sectional study. METHODS: This study aims to detect and compare the seroprevalence of HBV and HCV infection among chronic HD patients. This study was conducted from July 2015 to January 2017. All patients (n = 150) of various age groups admitted during the study period for maintenance HD at our tertiary care hospital were included. Viral markers were detected using third-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits available commercially. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was done with the help of statistical package for SPSS. RESULTS: Out of 150 patients recruited into the study, 7 (4%) were positive for hepatitis B surface antigen and 29 (19.33%) were positive for HCV. One (0.67%) patient was found positive for both HBV and HCV infections. In this study, the duration of dialysis was significantly correlated with seropositivity for both HCV and HBV (P ≤ 0.0001). The number of blood units transfused was also found to be significantly associated with seropositivity (P ≤ 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of HCV is more common compared to HBV infection in HD patients. Seropositivity significantly correlates with duration of dialysis. The number of blood units transfused is also significantly associated with seropositivity.