Introduction: The worldwide emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is a major threat to tuberculosis (TB) control. Objectives: This study was undertaken to know the prevalence of MDR-TB among category II patients, who were treatment failures, in North Karnataka. Materials and Methods: Category II pulmonary TB includes those patients who are treatment failures, relapsed after treatment or defaulted during previous treatment. Only the patients who had failed previous treatment were included in the present study. Sputum samples obtained from all these patients, received between January 2014 and June 2014, were subjected to microscopy by the Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) method, as per Revised National Tuberculosis Control Program (RNTCP) protocol. Sputum-positive samples were subjected to drug susceptibility testing by the rapid molecular assay, line probe assay (LPA). Results: A total of 379 patients were enrolled. Of these, 355 patients' sputum samples were positive for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) and one sample negative for AFB was culture-positive. All of these were subjected to LPA. The total number of MDR-TB detected was 71 (18.73%) patients. Mono-drug resistance to Rifampicin was detected in 30 (7.91%) and Isoniazid resistance in 32 (8.44%) patients. Conclusions: The magnitude of resistance being considerably high among the patients with treatment failures, it is essential to screen these patients for MDR-TB. Rapid diagnostic tests (molecular tests) such as the LPA will facilitate the diagnosis of MDR-TB at an early stage and thus will minimise transmission of the disease.